U.S. Army Captain Frémont encouraged emigrants from the U.S. to resist the Mexican government before news of the war had arrived. The settlers took control of the bay area.

Yucatan declared independence from Mexico.

A French baker claimed his shop was looted. French soldiers took Veracruz as compensation but were driven away.

Mayan peasants (the lower "caste") rebelled against the Spanish-speaking government (the upper "caste"). Almost all whites were expelled or killed in Yucatan within a year. The war didn't end until 1901.